Washington, December 06, 2025
President Donald Trump presided over the signing of a historic peace agreement on December 4, 2025, in Washington, D.C., between the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Rwanda aimed at resolving decades of conflict and instability in the region. The accord addresses troop withdrawals, ceasefire commitments, disarmament, refugee returns, and regional economic cooperation.
Key Provisions of the Agreement
The Washington Accord, signed by DRC President Félix Tshisekedi and Rwandan President Paul Kagame, outlines the withdrawal of alleged Rwandan troops from eastern Congo—a claim Rwanda denies—as well as the cessation of Congolese support for the Rwandan militia FDLR. It establishes a permanent ceasefire, mandates the disarmament of non-state armed groups, and includes provisions for the safe return of refugees displaced by continuing violence.
Moreover, the treaty sets a framework for justice and accountability relating to past atrocities and promotes initiatives for regional economic integration aimed at fostering prosperity. These components come as part of an unprecedented diplomatic effort steered by US mediation to address one of Central Africa’s longest-standing conflicts.
Context of Conflict and Challenges Ahead
The agreement follows months of intense negotiations, including preliminary talks in Doha and Washington, and closely follows a separate November 15 accord between the DRC government and the M23 rebel faction. Despite formal commitments, observers noted that fighting persists on the ground, highlighting significant mistrust between the parties and raising questions about the accord’s enforceability.
Tensions during the signing ceremony were apparent, with notably reserved interactions between the two presidents, reflecting underlying skepticism regarding implementation. The longtime conflict, particularly involving armed groups like M23 and the FDLR, has destabilized eastern Congo and spilled over into regional insecurity.
International Recognition and Leadership
Rwandan Foreign Minister Olivier Nduhungirehe praised President Trump’s facilitation, describing the deal as a “remarkable milestone.” U.S. Africa Senior Advisor Massad Boulos emphasized the comprehensive nature of the agreement, calling it potentially historic and unprecedented in scope.
President Trump publicly hailed the treaty as a “historic” achievement for peace and stability in Central Africa, positioning the United States as a crucial peace broker in the region. The accord underscores Washington’s role in seeking diplomatic solutions to protracted conflicts affecting global security and economic development.
The Washington Accord represents a significant diplomatic breakthrough, yet its success depends on sustained commitment from both governments and effective mechanisms to enforce its provisions. The international community will be watching closely to see if this carefully negotiated pact can translate into lasting peace and improved stability for millions affected by decades of conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda.