London, November 23, 2025
Former Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina was convicted on November 17, 2025, by Bangladesh’s International Crimes Tribunal for crimes against humanity related to a 2024 crackdown, sentenced to death in absentia, and currently believed to be in India. Bangladesh has formally requested her extradition, raising diplomatic tensions.
Details of the Conviction
The International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) of Bangladesh found Sheikh Hasina guilty of orchestrating mass violence against student protesters in 2024. She was sentenced to death in absentia for crimes including the deployment of drones and helicopters to attack civilians and failure to prevent or punish atrocities committed by security forces. Alongside Hasina, former Home Minister Asaduzzaman Khan Kamal was also sentenced to death. Another accused, Mamun, avoided the death penalty by cooperating as a state witness.
Diplomatic Fallout
Bangladesh’s interim government has officially demanded India extradite Hasina, citing a 2013 bilateral extradition treaty. It warned that India’s refusal would be viewed as an unfriendly act, potentially damaging historically close relations. India has not issued an official response but legal experts note the treaty permits refusal on political grounds. India must also consider legal due process, fair trial assurances, and the implications of the death penalty, all of which complicate the extradition request.
International Reactions
Human Rights Watch and the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) have underscored the importance of accountability while emphasizing the need for due process and fair trial standards. The OHCHR characterized the verdict as a step forward for victims but stressed adherence to international legal norms. The UN has documented over 1,400 deaths during the 2024 crackdown, describing it as one of Bangladesh’s most severe episodes of political violence since its independence in 1971.
Context and Significance
Hasina’s conviction represents a landmark moment in Bangladesh’s judicial and political history, marking a rare instance of a former head of government being held legally accountable for crimes against humanity. The case has intensified tensions between India and Bangladesh, countries traditionally bound by strong diplomatic and cultural ties. India’s forthcoming decision on extradition is being closely monitored as it may establish a precedent for handling political asylum and extradition in the South Asian region.
Looking Ahead
India faces a complex balancing act involving its legal obligations, regional stability, human rights concerns, and diplomatic interests. The decision on whether to extradite Hasina will bear significant implications for the rule of law, regional diplomacy, and human rights enforcement. As the situation continues to develop, it remains a critical test for bilateral relations and the broader principles of justice and sovereignty in South Asia.